Knowing Domain, TDL, and CCTLD
When one day we want to access a particular web site, we usually just type the website address in your browser, and in a moment the site we’re going to get plastered on the screen appear. Similarly, when we want to exchanged emails, that we need is an email address to decide where we going posted messages. All that facilities were not separated from the role of the domain.
Actually, what’s domain? Before we discuss more about the domain understanding, we have little knowledge about how a host on the Internet environment accessible. Internet consists of millions of host computers spread all over the world which are all interconnected through a network form with a certain hierarchy. The hosts communicate with each other through a standard protocol called TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol). So that every computer that make up the Internet network can communicate with each other, then each must have a specific address. This address must be unique, so, two hosts cannot have the same address. System used a combination of 4 rows of numbers, between 0 to 255 and separated by a dot (.). Starting from 0.0.0.1 to 255,255,255,255. Rows of numbers known as IP address (IP address). Each host is connected to the internet network must have IP address as identifiers in order to communicate with other hosts in the network. This IP-based addressing allows internet put address more than 4 billion hosts. In fact, not all combinations of IP addresses can be used. There are some special combinations are reserved for specific purposes that may not be used for the purposes of addressing, for example is IP 127.0.0.1 is required to appoint (lookup) to the local host.
Though technically an IP-based addressing system is fairly reliable, but he still has weaknesses. The human brain is generally not easy to remember combinations of numbers in large numbers. The solution is to associate these IP numbers in a combination of letters that make up a memorable name. Well, the host name as the identifier on the Internet network is what we call the domain, whereas domain-based addressing system known as the Domain Name Service (DNS).
Domain Name
Of course, to name a host can not be randomized; there are technical rules that must be obeyed certain that these domains can be viewed as a valid domain name. Domain-based address tiered system starting from the top level (known as a TLD, Top Level Domain) to levels below. Take the example of this web site. Of the domain name can be seen that the address of this site (http://arya.pinaha.com) is a subdomain of the domain pinaha the shelter under the TLD. Com.
TLD. Com (commercial) is an international TLD that includes the host that handles commercial activities. TLD. Net (network) for network. Org (organization) to other organizations. Edu (educational) for educational institutions,. Gov (government) for institutions and governance. Mil (military) for the purposes military. Determination of the international TLD is within the authority of ICANN (The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, www.icann.org), an international nonprofit organization that specifically deal with matters relating to the allocation of IP on the Internet, protocols used, and management of domain-based naming system. Meanwhile, the administrative management of TLD is the authority of the IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, www.iana.org), which is also a non-profit organization that carry out the functions of global coordination on the internet.
At the first TLD.Com. Net, or. Org, used in accordance, but later because of the ownership of this domain name under the TLD is free and automatically apply the procedure, the allocation tend to be neglected. Among all the international TLD, TLD. Com is the best-selling Internet domain. Maybe it is related to the DotCom fever which is currently sweeping the world so that each company will be out of date if not yet have their own domain name under the TLD. Com.
Today, the international Internet domain users, especially “trio”. Net,. Com, and. Org, already very crowded. For prospective new domain owner, would be very difficult to find a better word, and stands unused. ICANN therefore set a new TLD, among others. Info,. News,. Biz,. Museum,. Coop,. Name, and. Aero.
TLD Local
In addition to the international TLD, we also know the local Internet domain that includes a particular country (known as the Country Code Top Level Domain, ccTLD). For example, the ccTLD for the United Kingdom is. Uk, Malaysia. My, and India. In. An established by ICANN’s ccTLD, but the management is handed over to a designated institution in the country concerned. Indonesia itself has a ccTLD. Id and its management handed over to IDNIC (www.idnic.net.id)
As an institution of authority that regulates the use of ccTLD Indonesia, IDNIC set several subdomains for ccTLD. Id accordance with their respective allocation. Subdomains that are available are. Co.id (corporate, company),. Net.id (network, network or ISP),. Or.id (organization, organization etc.), go.id (government, government agencies),. ac.id (academy, educational institutions), and. mil.id (military, military institutions). Recently added is also a subdomain. Sch.id (school, college),. Web.id (personal site) and. War.net.id (for Warnet).
In contrast to the global Internet domain ownership is relatively free, and then IDNIC sets the rules for the use of strict Indonesia-based domain. The purpose other than to prevent abuse, as well as for each domain is only used by those who are truly entitled.
Several countries, including lucky to have an easy ccTLD is associated with a particular term or terms. Take the example of Tuvalu, a tiny country in the middle Pacific Ocean. TLD. Tv is the country’s selling well among television station managers. Not surprisingly, even the Indonesian TV station, RCTI to feel the need to leave the domain name to move to rcti.co.id domain rcti.tv. Similar fate experienced by the French Micronesia (Micronesia French) where the domain. Fm this country’s famed management among radio stations. Of course, the relevant countries can reap considerable foreign exchange from selling the domain.
What about Indonesia? Although the ccTLD. Indonesia’s id can be easily associated with “identification” or “identity” – which certainly will attract those who want a unique domain name-but at least until recently, IDNIC still do not intend to sell the domain name to the Indonesia-based – parties, both firms, organizations, or individuals who have no connection with Indonesia.
Cyber squatter Domain
To have a domain, then we must register the entity / institution / company that has the right to add a new domain under an existing TLD. This institution is called the Registrar. TLD type depends on what we want, whether globally or regionally, we can apply to the appropriate Registrar. Registrar for global TLD is quite a lot and they are enough to fix prices range from under USD 10 to USD 35/domain/tahun most expensive, while the Indonesia-based TLD itself can be purchased at the price of IDNIC site. $15/ domain / year.
The process of registration will give you access to your control panel at the registrar web site in question which domain owners can make more setting, especially for domain associate IP addresses belong to the host that will use the domain.
At first glance it cost for a relatively small domain, but in fact the opposite could happen. What article? As an identity in cyberspace, the domain has a significant role for business. Every domain owner certainly hopes that the domain names they correlate with the company or product names are displayed through media to the Internet. This would not be a problem if the targeted domain is indeed no one has. But, when? Of course there are only two alternatives. The first, is to find another domain name matches (and no one has), and the second alternative is to buy a domain name from its owner, of course with the price he asked.
Such realities make domain is often used as an object of speculation is profitable. The “domain name speculator” working with the buying mode specific domains for unused later with hopes of one party when there is a need that domain and then are willing to buy at high prices. This activity is known as cyber squatting, and the perpetrators usually called cyber squatter.
Many interesting stories associated with this activity. One party has ever felt “punk’d” Digital Corp. is a cyber squatter. A major hardware company in the U.S.. Starting from search engine site (search engine) digitally developed. Whether it was still experimental or less “confident” compete with other search engine sites are already famous, the address-search engine called AltaVista, placed only as a subdomain of Digital site. When the allegations beyond a search engine was so popular applications later, occurred among the developers intention to create a separate domain for the search engine with the domain altavista.com. Unfortunately, that domain was already taken. As a result the Digital must spend up to tens of thousands of USD to redeem this domain from the hands of the speculators.
Similar events experienced by Amien Rais. Chairman of the MPR-RI was nevertheless forced to use the domain amienrais.com new personal site opened in 2002 and since that domain was already struck by other people. Wonder how the ransom demanded by the domain or maybe Amien do not want to be bothered, so he preferred using e-amienrais.com domain.
The story is no less an experience he called the band of the ground water canal around the beginning of the year 2002. Began when the webmaster is entrusted with maintaining the site forgot to update the domain that had expired. This is fatal because the latter domain that had expired was then taken over by a cyber squatter from Hong Kong and directed to porn sites …! Later, the new owner offered to return the domain name to the original owner. Of course, this offer is not free. Not half the battle he put bandrol to $ 8000 for that domain.
Not just for businesses and celebrities (both from the world of entertainment and political celebrities) are troubled by the problem domain. No less than the manager of the White House website (www.whitehouse.gov) is also troubled by the same thing. The issue is because there are certain parties who opened a special site adult with the same domain name but under a different TLD site featuring one of the symbols superpower.
Similar cases (but not equal) it had occurred in Indonesia between mustikaratu.com site, the official website of PT Mustika Ratu, a company engaged in traditional medicine, with ratu.com mustika-owned by other parties. This case is even rolled up to the court and supposedly recorded as the first legal case relating to the use of the domain in Indonesia.
But the case of curly domain most fatal occurred around mid-2001 past, overwrite an Internet banking site (i-banking) owned by a top bank in Indonesia. At that time a hacker, also from Indonesia, opened a number of sites with similar domain with the relevant bank website. Next, by tracing the original content into the site using the domain pun, the hackers managed to capture PIN numbers of hundreds of bank customers who mistakenly did i-banking transactions on sites that use the pun of his domain. These customers go to the site because the pun typed the address incorrectly targeted bank sites. Fortunately, the hackers are not bad intentions. It was said that action was only done for research activities. So did hundreds of files that store customer data, including PIN numbers, which have opted not to destroyed and misused.
Events curly speculation a domain or domains that have been known to the public should not have to overwrite the owner of Indonesia-based web site if they use regional TLD Indonesia. This is because the tight-based domain procedures so that Indonesia is very little possibility of abuse by parties who do not responsibel. But perhaps because of the prestige or more are considered bona fide, so many parties who choose to use a global domain, with all the risks and consequences.
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